Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1)

PH1 is a very rare disease that manifests in the deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidney and urethra resulting from the excessive production of oxalate metabolites. This can lead to pain and recurrent kidney stones, and can even lead to renal calcium deposits. The kidney damage of the patient is caused by many factors such as renal tubular toxicity of oxalate, deposition of calcium oxalate in the kidney, and urinary tract obstruction caused by calcium oxalate stones. Impairment of renal function will further aggravate the condition. Because excess oxalic acid can no longer be effectively excreted, it will subsequently accumulate and crystallize in the bones, eyes, skin and heart, leading to more serious complications and death.